The persecution of Jews in Romania between 1940-44 was the result of collaboration between players in various social contexts, who followed their own logic of violence and generated their own violent practices. Distinguishes between dictatorial, fascist, military, police, and collective violence. Antonescu's dictatorial violence took the form of ethnic cleansing and "redemptive antisemitism". It was ...

"On 17 September 1944, General Kurt Student, the founder of Nazi Germany's parachute forces, heard the growing roar of aeroplane engines. He went out on to his balcony above the flat landscape of southern Holland to watch the air armada of Dakotas and gliders carrying the British 1st Airborne and the American 101st and 82nd Airborne divisions. He gazed up in envy at this massive demonstration of paratroop ...

Anti-Semitic, anti-American Nazi propaganda poster issued in German occupied Italy ca. 1943, with a cartoon of a Jewish Bolshevik shaking his fists at all comers. The threat of the Jewish Bolshevik or Judeo-Communist conspiracy was a cornerstone of Nazi Party ideology. The 1917 Communist revolution that brought down the Russian Empire shocked the world. The prominence of Jews in the Bolshevik leadership ...

Selected records from the archives of the Military Historical Institute of General Staff of the Armed Forces of Serbia related to the German Zone of occupation of the former Yugoslavia. This collection includes correspondence of the German occupation authorities regarding arrests, persecution and reprisals against Jews, Roma, members of partisan and antifascist movements, communists and the civilian ...

"In this groundbreaking study, Professor Barbara Engelking sheds light on an aspet of the Holocaust in Poland that has not been thoroughly discussed. While many books have been dedicated to the suffering and murder of Jews in the ghettos and various camps, relatively little is known about the struggle of those who managed to escape to the Polish countryside and the threats and challenges they faced. ...

Among numerous written memories of radical and mass reprisals mostly from the period 1944 – 1945, this collection contains also various testimonies of the Holocaust survivors who were facing the mass persecution during and even after the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising by German Army forces, POHG, anti-fascist unit Edelweiss, etc. Significant attention is paid the to mass executions in ...

"The Nazi occupation of the Netherlands was a complex, varied and bloody affair. Well- documented is the initial capture by the Gestapo of a secret Dutch Special Operations Executive radio-operator who thereafter lured several parachuted agents to their deaths, but, the actual scope and complexity of the occupation was much greater than this. Large-scale civil resistance against the occupation began ...

LS, MS Polish sculptor Xawery Dunikowski carving clay for a monument to the Silesian insurgents. CU, the number 744 tattooed on his left arm (from Auschwitz). Dunikowski chiseling marble with a cigarette. LS, MS Monument to the Unknown Warrior with guard parading, some ruins in BG. MS, grave covered with flowers. MS, a marble slab fixed on a pillar with the names of the great battles in which Polish ...

LS, MS Polish sculptor Xawery Dunikowski carving clay for a monument to the Silesian insurgents. 02:25:57 CU, the number 744 tattooed on his left arm (from Auschwitz). 02:26:20 Dunikowski chiseling marble with a cigarette. 02:26:38 LS, MS Monument to the Unknown Warrior with guard parading, some ruins in BG. MS, grave covered with flowers. MS, a marble slab fixed on a pillar with the names of the great ...

Welt im Film. Issue no. 10 (part) Title: In Memory of Lidice. A large crowd of people, many of whom are weeping, at a memorial service for the victims of Lidice. The narrator provides the story of the Lidice massacre: the Germans destroyed the town of Lidice and killed most of the inhabitants in reprisal for the assasination of Reinhard Heydrich in June, 1942. Czech president Edvard Benes walks in ...

Selma Schwarzwald was born on September 2, 1937, in Lvov, Poland (Lviv, Ukraine), to Daniel and Laura Litwak Schwarzwald. Her father had a successful timber export business. Her mother had studied economics at the Lvov Academy of Commerce before her marriage. Lvov was in eastern Poland which was occupied by the Soviet Union in September 1939. It was then occupied by Germany following their invasion ...

Copyright Holder: Mr. David Mendels

This collection contains: three family photos of the Gniwosch-Spergel family ; post-war correspondence regarding the redeeming of Suzanne Gniwosch by her uncle Chiel Spergel ; judicial correspondence regarding the court case ; administrative letters from Jewish organisations such as the Aide aux Israélites Victimes de la Guerre [Aid Society for Jewish War Victims], the Commission on the Status of Jewish ...

Inventory 1. Documents of the Party archive of the Crimean Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. 501 files. File 115. Review of the documents of the Crimean underground movement (Patriotic War). 1959. 26 pages. File 116. References and attachments to them on the partisans and members of underground patriotic organizations of the WWII period, confirmed by the Crimean Regional Party Committee. ...

Claude Lanzmann was born in Paris to a Jewish family that immigrated to France from Eastern Europe. He attended the Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. His family went into hiding during World War II. He joined the French resistance at the age of 18 and fought in the Auvergne. Lanzmann opposed the French war in Algeria and signed a 1960 antiwar petition. From 1952 to 1959 he lived with Simone ...

Claude Lanzmann was born in Paris to a Jewish family that immigrated to France from Eastern Europe. He attended the Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. His family went into hiding during World War II. He joined the French resistance at the age of 18 and fought in the Auvergne. Lanzmann opposed the French war in Algeria and signed a 1960 antiwar petition. From 1952 to 1959 he lived with Simone ...